Astrology : Science or Superstician

Don't believe in astrology? I don't blame you. Your exposure to astrology is probably Sun Sign columns in your local newspaper. If the only physicians that I was familiar with diagnosed illness by measuring the size of a person's head, I would have a low opinion of medicine. Unfortunately, astrology is a very unregulated area of study, and a lot of extraordinarily simple-minded ideas get passed off as astrology.
Astrology has been practiced for thousands of years, and it appears to many people that astrology is a manifestation of the human mind's first attempts to explain events in the world by association rather than causal relationships. In other words, non-technological cultures often explain events by the action of gods or coincidental events and omens. The same myth-making part of the brain that created Greek, Norse, Hindu, Chinese, native American, African, or any other cultures myths, seems to have conjured up the myths of astrology.

So it seems obvious that astrology is just hocus-pocus, the remnants of our ancestors from a time before modern scientific and technological advances, a mere vestige of our ancient past that continues to live on in modern times in the deluded minds of people even today.

Although it may seem obvious, as explained above, that astrology is a superstition, anyone who studies astrology seriously will be shocked to discover that there is validity to astrology. Now, let's address several common questions about astrology in a question-and-answer format:

Questions - Answers
Question: How does astrology work?
Answer: There are many theories but no proofs. The fact is that we do not know how astrology works.

Question: If you don't know how astrology works, then doesn't that prove that astrology is not scientific. Science is based on theories, right?

Answer: Wrong! Science is based on observation. More specifically, science is based on the scientific method. Theories are extremely important in science because theories help the scientist make predictions of how things will behave in a new context. Without theories, science would proceed at an incredibly slow pace. But one can make clear, indisputable observations without any theory at all. For example, I can predict that any heavy object dropped from a table will fall to the ground. The fact that heavy objects fall to the ground was true before Newton discovered the laws of gravity. The laws of gravity, however, expand our understanding of how gravity works and allow us to predict the movement of celestial objects and of astronauts in space, for example. Theories enable us to synthesize seemingy unrelated facts into a coherent paradigm, and enable us to make other predictions and discoveries. Theories are critically important, but a theory can change without affecting the validity of an observation. Before Sir Isaac Newton discovered the laws of gravity, one could still predict that an apple will fall out of a tree and hit the ground rather than fly out into space, and you do not need to master physics to know that apples fall to the ground.

Question: But astrology just doesn't make any common sense at all. There is no magnetic or gravitational force or any other explanation for why planets should affect humans, and the theories of astrology just don't make common sense, they seem more superstitious. How can astrology be considered a science?

Answer: Lots of theories in physics don't make common sense either. Albert Einstein and other 20th century physicists have proposed all kinds of absurd and seemingly ridiculous ideas such as space is curved (so therefore the fastest way to get to distant galaxies is a curved path rather than a straight line!), that time is really a fourth dimension, and not separate from space, that looking at something alters its position, that subatomic particles move so fast that time is experienced differently for these particles; time can speed up or slow down as the speed of an object changes! Now these ideas don't make common sense, and sound like the stuff of science fiction, but they are taken seriously by physicists not as science fiction but as valid and serious scientific theories. In short, it is not necessary for an idea to make common sense to be scientifically sound. A theory only needs to fit the data, that's all.

Question: But what data do you have in astrology? Hasn't astrology been disproven?

Answer: Many people have conducted very impressive research studies in astrology. Here are the names of a few of these people: John Nelson, Mark Urban-Lurraine, Ann Parker, Ray Merriman, Theordor Landschedit, and John Addey. There are many others. The research results are very impressive. Click here to read a very recent, very impressive research study conducted by David Cochrane. In order for these studies to be considered scientifically valid, they must however be reviewed by experts in the scientific method, and be published in an accepted scientific journal. This level of research requires huge amounts of time and typically a great deal of money as well. Astrology currently is caught in a chicken-and-egg situation: the research requires great amounts of time and money, and the interest of a prestigious scientific journal in publishing the research, but astrology is still foreign to our college and universities, and they are unwilling to invest the resources required to validate the studies. No, astrology has not been disproven. The scientific method is one of the great keys to the great advancements of our modern times, and the scientific method should be adhered to and respected. Ironically, astrologers are sometimes attacked by scientists for promoting pseudo-science and superstition, and I have heard scientists state that astrology has been disproven, a statement which is untrue and unscientific! I do agree that the silly Sun Sign column in the newspaper is absurd, and the image of astrology that much of popular astrology conveys to people is simple-minded at best, and often completely ridiculous. Until articles are published in respected journals that validate or invalidate astrological principles, the question of astrology's status as a science is undetermined, but I think that anyone who reads the work of serious researchers such as those listed above will be impressed by the research done and feel as I do: eventually thorough research will be done and will demonstrate that there is validity to astrology.

Question: So what is astrology? Is it more than Sun signs?

Answer: In the latter half of the 20th century astrologers have discovered complex interactions among the planets, which have developed new schools of astrology, two of which are known as the theories of harmonic astrology and cosmobiology. These new approaches to astrological interpretation are extremely cumbersome without the calculating power of a computer. Even older analytical procedures used in astrology require a great deal of computation. With the advent of the home computer astrology is now liberated from the restrictions of hand-held calculators and books of tables, and serious astrological work is now available to everyone. In short, the rules for astrological analysis are very complex and intricate, and in order to use newly discovered techniques it is, practically speaking, necessary to use computer software to perform these calculations.

We are dedicated to developing the tools (that is, computer software) that make real astrology, the sophisticated analytical techniques that really work, possible. The result of this work is the Kepler program, which we continue to work very hard on improving, refining, and expanding. Along with all of the technical issues, we continue to add features that make the program entertaining and interesting, such as many hundreds of original graphic pictures, a "Live Mini Reading", a part of the program where the interpretation is spoken as you watch graphic illustrations on the computer monitor, the "AstroEncyclopedia" which contains a huge reference work of information, and "Avalon College" which teaches you astrology, so if you aren't an advanced student or expert astrologer, you can learn right within the Kepler program. The Live Mini Reading, AstroEncyclopedia, and Avalon College are all part of the Kepler program. We use very accurate planetary routines to ensure that the chart calculations are accurate, and we supply a complete atlas of cities, time zone, and daylight savings time information within the Kepler so that charts are calculated accurately; without all of these components, the calculations will simply not be consistently and reliably accurate.

Question: I am new to astrology and I am skeptical, but let's suppose that astrology does have some validity. So what? What can I do with it? Is it useful to me?

Answer: Astrology is useful to nearly everyone. The Kepler program comes with several interpretive reports, which are known as the Cosmo Natal Report, Cosmo Compatibility Report, Cosmo Forecast Report, the Major Life Theme Report, the Live Mini Reading, and the Profile Report. There are also many additional interpretive report options which can be purchased, but even with the interpretive reports that are included with the Kepler program, you can begin to see the pattern of a person's life, the inner drive and meaning behind their behavior, and you can really appreciate and respect, not just intellectually understand, people in a way that is difficult to achieve with other tools.

People use astrology in many different ways, from investing in the stock market, making business decisions, to analyzing political situations and social movements. The applications of astrology are almost endless. There are many theories and approaches to astrology, and very little hard and fast scientifically proven facts, but a new foundation for astrology is being built, and there are people using astrology succesfully in very concrete areas, such as investing and finance - that is certainly an area where you can pay dearly for making a mistake!

Keep in mind also that a great deal of modern psychology has not been proven yet. For example, many psychologists emphasize the importance of self-esteem in people's lives, and the importance of developing self-esteem in children. This is a concept that is extremely difficult to prove scientifically, but for people that work with people and analyze situations carefully, the importance of self-esteem is obvious. Psychological theories, such as repression, projection, or displacement or also difficult to prove scientifically, but to a person trained in psychology often easy to identify, and very useful to better understanding an individual. Astrology currently does not have the support and endorsement of universities and research journals, and there are many very tricky and difficult problems that one encounters in attempting to scientifically test astrological theories, but it can be done, it has been done already to a small degree, and the development of good software tools and the dedication and interest of many talented people in the field of astrology is now giving a re-birth to what may appear to be an ancient superstition which is gasping on its last breath, but is now proving to be one of the great technological wonders of the future.

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Divinatory OR Scientific Paradigm:

Among the various approaches to Indian astrology Reading, none would seem more disparate than the divinatory and scientific. At one extreme is the astrologer who uses the astrological chart like a magical mandala with a story written by the characters (planets) on the stage of life, being colored and characterized by the signs and houses which they occupy and rule, and interacting with one another via the aspects. At the other extreme is the scientific astrologer who may view the astrology chart as streams of cosmic energy. One might view the psychological, mythologicial and other approaches to astrology as lying somewhere between these two extremes.

It appears that the majority of  Indian astrologers are either inclined to a divinatory and/or psychological approach to the birth chart, and few approach the chart interpretation primarily visualizing the chart as an energy process or in some other paradigm that closely resembles a modern scientific view. Nevertheless, the divinatory and scientific approach appear to be two extreme ends of a spectrum. Different astrologers fall on various ends of the spectrum in their approach to the birth chart, and some astrologers use an eclectic approach of drawing upon different paradigms and philosophical premises depending on the context of the work in which they are doing.

DIVINATORY AND THE SCIENCE PARADIGM:

Interestingly, in the hard sciences there is no clear distinction between the divinatory and the scientific. Although divination superficially seems antithetical to science, it is not completely foreign to the hard sciences.

How can science be divinatory?
When analyzing a discrete, measurable phenomenon, science usually employs clear formula that measure precisely. Note that the measurements do not always involve cause-and-effect, as is widely and erroneously believed.

Kepler's laws of motion and Newton's theory of gravity do not specify what the causal mechanism is; they simply state a formula that works. Newton emphasized that he could not imagine a causal mechanism for the instantaneous action of gravity which operates at a distance (a magical concept alien to common sense), so he had to assume that there was one waiting to be discovered in the future. Newton was correct that a mechanism would be discovered but it was not based on a cause-and-effect concept but rather the mind-bending and space-bending model of Einstein's theory of relativity.

Bell's Theorem, which indicates that there are intantaneous relationships between activities that are separated in space, has been strongly supported by scientific research and analysis. According to science the universe in reality is not as we humans perceive it. The universe in reality is far more magical than the intellect of a human can fathom. Scientists need not be concerned about the philosophical implications of their discoveries. It is not the concern of science to philosophize on what is discovered; it is the domain of science to understand reality, not to be concerned about the impact of science on philosophy and religion. However, every scientist agrees that the implications of modern science disturb our common sense notions of what reality is.

While the world as a whole is magical, we can apply simple formula to measure and predict phenomena and we can use the law of cause-and-effect as well within certain frameworks to solve many practical problems.

In short modern science has no problem jumping between a simple, concrete paradigm and a magical paradigm as needed, and to continue to use quantitative methods within all of these paradigms.

Similarly, astrologers need not pit the divinatory and scientific against each other. Although these two approaches seem diametrically opposed, one need not feel that resolving this apparent contradiction. Ironically, it is the limitations of our finite, logical faculties combined with a narrow view and understanding of the breadth of astrology, that inclines us to be certain that the divinnatory and the scientific cannot function simultaneously and to feel that we must choose one or the other.

In reality, the nearly infinitely complex tapestry of life is so finely integrated and functions as one massive wholistic process in accordance with Bell's Theorem that the analytical methods of science simply follow threads in this cosmic tapestry and unravel the relationships within a very small domain within the larger unified universal system. This is a viable paradigm for science and it is a viable paradigm for astrology.

NATAL ASTROLOGY AND THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL:

When analyzing a birth chart, some astrologers have for decades succesfully employed analytical methods that view the chart in terms of processes. American astrologer Dane Rudhyar emphasized that zodiac signs, the Sabian symbol degree meanings, the twelve houses, and other astrological influences are best understood as cycles of life, or the "pulse of life" as he often referred to it. Taurus builds upon what Aries initiated, etc. Rudhyar emphasized the astrology chart as a pyschological process. Liz Greene, the great contemporary British astrologer, views astrological influences as revealing mythic stories within the birth chart, and these stories are based on dynamic processes within the human psyche.

Both Rudhyar and Greene introduce a sense of dynamism and process to the astrological interpretation rather than static properties. Rather than seeing Gemini as a series of adjectives (quick-witted, versatifle, etc.), one can view Gemini as a function of curiosity and discovery of the world around oneself. The adjectives are true but priaMarily as a result of a pychological process.

NATAL ASTROLOGY AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD:

A scientific model of astrology can go one step further and posit that the dynamic processes of astrology are not primarily psychological but rather are cosmic energy processes. These cosmic energy processes, upon affecting a human being, activate the psyche of the human being. The human psyche operates primarily by pictures and stories and only secondarily in a logical, verbal, and cognitive manner. The impacting of these cosmic forces on the human psyche inspire and direct the myths in the human psyche. According to this scientific model, the planets and stars are not gods at all; the gods are within ourselves.

The gods and myths only appear to be in the planets and stars because their motions do correlate with the changes and development of our psyches. Whether the planets and stars are inherently of a mythic nature or are the fuel upon which we build our myths and stories may seem like a moot point and may seem to be of little consequence to some practicing astrologers, but the application of crticial thinking skills to more clearly understand the mechanisms by which astrology functions does, have profound affects on one's consultations and one's understanding of astrological influences.

HORARY: A POINT OF DIVINATION:

In horary astrology one is faced with the question of the moment. A horary chart is a bit like asking "What is the sum total impact of this moment at my location?". The birth chart, on the other hand, lives out its mission over the lifetime of a person and interacts more complexly with the genetic and environmental influences, and the cycles and experiences that the individual has through the life.

The birth chart is very amenable to the psychological and scientific approach. The horary chart, on the other hand, can be interpreted very simply and directly. If the Moon is in approaching sextile to Saturn, and Saturn rules the first house, and the Moon rules the 7th house, the quesited (the person asked about) is approaching the quesited (the person asking the question). Through the instantaneous interconnected of a completely integrated and whole universe (a viable, but not proven, concept given Bell's Theorem and other scientific concepts), the chart can "speak" to the astrologer in quite literal terms.

In horary astrology one can dispense with many details such as minor aspects, etc. because the question usually is about the outcome of a situation, not the quality and strategy to be employed. If the question is "Should I marry this lady?", one can see the momentum of energy in very literal terms in the horary chart. The octave harmonics (conjunctions, oppositions, squares, etc.) indicate the fundamental energetic patterns and what processes are fundamental, while the sextiles and trines indicate the fundamental supporting energies to enable the activity. More subtle issues of how creative and playful the individuals are (quintiles and biquintiles), etc. are relatively unimportant.

The rules of horary astrology are like a beautiful and intricate Christmas ornament on a tree. Horary astrology can be exhilerating. Questions are answered and one can proceed with greater clarity. The Universe provides an answer. The experience is magical and beyond human reason. Horary astrology, by virtue of its narrow focus and concentration on the current moment, relies on the relevant astrological influences that describe the moment. Amazingly, the rules can be taken quite literally, rather than metaphorically and without all of the various options that are needed when interpreting a natal chart.

Interestingly, applying the rules of horary astrology to birth charts has more limited success than when applied to horary astrology. This is not just my view; this is why the rules are for horary astrology and not natal astrology! Similarly, applying the rules of natal astrology to horary astrology also meets with more limited success.

Scientists have no problem shifting between using Newton's laws of gravity and Einstein's theory of relativity, depending on the application and accuracy desired and in terms of what is appropriate to answer the question being asked. Astrologers must also gain this same versatility to overcome the present chasm between the divinatory astrologers and the psychological astrologers and the scientific astrologers.

The Intoxicating Effect of Horary Astrology

As one works with classical horary astrology, one can become so facile and sensitive in using the rules that one becomes like a grand chess master or a brilliant artist who knows how to deftly work one's way through the rules to rapidly provide accurate and useful answers. The rules are so literal and require so little ambiguity of interpretation that the methods of the psychological astrologers seem extraordinarily clumsy and silly.

Entering the world of classical horary astrology is analagous to drawing closer and closer to a gleaming and awesomely beautiful Christmas ornament on the tree of life. As one becomes more immersed in classical horary techniques, it is as if one enters inside this Christmas ornament and all looks perfect, whole, and complete. Little does the devotee of horary astrology know that he has become enthralled with one very spectacular ornament in a vast cosmic universe that contains endless secrets and mechanisms that far transcend the domain in which we have become embedded. On the other hand, the expert horary astrologer has demarcated many intricacies of this fascinating and beautiful world which they inhabit.

Rocking the Boat of Horary Astrology - Gently!

William Lilly, the great icon of classical horary astrology was, in fact, not a perfect purist. He would experiment with a modern technique like the quintile aspect. The quintile aspect is anathema to some horary astrologers because it introduces a concept foreign to the well-established "base 12" of horary astrology. The horary astrologer may feel that the great master had his moments of weakness. Actually, Lilly was looking beyond the confines of the wondrous world of classical horary rules, with an eye to incorporating a wider perspective, and hopefully also improve, the methods he employed.

One should not rock the boat of these classical rules with a cavalier attitude. Modern astrologers can be tempted, like the proverbial kid in the candy store, to taste every intriguing astrological technique and to intermix them at will. However, one astrologer cannot quickly develop a new methodology that supercedes an accumulated wisdom. Astrology is based primarily on anecdotal evidence and periodic inspirations of many great thinkers and one should proceed cautiously. My view is that we should neither rever a particular set of astrological rules and be resistant to adapting and developing them, nor should we have so much hubris as to imagine that we can easily and quickly build new structures without precedent.

In exploring many different astrological traditions and models in depth, I have found extraordinary points of agreement and interconnectedness among the ideas. Many contradictions are only apparent contradictions from one particular viewpoint.

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Ever since the beginning of human history there has been an innate fascination with the Heavens above. We also throughout time have pondered about our existence and what it all means. We have sought answers through religion, metaphysics and philosophy; and we have relied on faith and a higher power to explain our consciousness. This journey still continues today through science and over the last few decades we have come to understand more about our world and our place in it. A new approach to viewing our universe and how it works has given us another fascinating perspective called quantum physics. A look into the stars, and more specifically black holes, should prove that all we know may be nothing more than a mere holographic projection.

Physics, since its conception with Isaac Newton, has been the scientific endeavor to understand the laws that govern how the physical world around us works. Many Newtonian formulas are used in modern day applications still but the way we use physics has changed drastically. One of the most notable figure heads in the modern physics, Albert Einstein, gave the world a spring board into a new way of understanding the physical laws. Essentially the discovery of General Relativity quantified the interconnectedness of time and space, and how matter exerted its influence upon it (Kabatek, 2011). Imagine that  we exist in a vast matrix or fabric woven from the threads of time and space and everything that we know moves within this substance. The average human would affect this fabric very little, because on a cosmic level, we have infinitesimal mass; but take something like a planet or a star with considerable mass and you have a different story (Greene, The Hidden Reality, 2011). Objects with a great deal of mass warp times-pace much like if you were to suspend a sheet in midair and place a soft ball in the middle. The sheet would sink around the soft ball, and if you were to take smaller objects such as marbles, they would naturally fall towards the heavy object. This illustration is similar to the effects of mass on time-space and how it generates gravity. Black holes as we understand them today are objects with an incredible amount of mass packed into a very small region. Their mass is so incredible in fact that they warp time-space to the extent of generating a gravitational pull strong enough that light cannot escape its grasp.

Einstein had envisioned a universe with a unified set of governing laws. These laws, he felt, would be applicable to all systems at all times. During the time he made these postulations America was boasting the invention of nuclear energy or more specifically the atomic bomb, so Einstein was also well aware of how his theories on energy and mass met with physical deterioration on a sub atomic level. His quest for unification unfortunately never met its fruition within his lifetime but he did have contemporaries who continued on. Between the time of Einstein's death and the early 70's most research on physics was being done on the atom and vast amount of power it held. This was the developmental stage for quantum mechanics (Kabatek, 2011). During this scientific renaissance of sorts humanity was making huge advancements in other disciplines like biology and chemistry. Our need for answers became even more pertinent and progressively we began to construct a more deterministic worldview. Things that once relied on faith began to form in a more concrete and empirical sense.

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A bit of focus was lost on unification but as new theories such as Quantum Fields Theory were being devised, Einstein's zeal for a bigger explanation was resurrected. Noble prize winner Sheldon Glashow made profound contributions towards the refinement of Quantum Fields theory which basically states that "any field, despite what it substance is, is comprised of tiny points or elementary particles". For example a field of light would be made of photons, or a field of gravity would be made of gravitons. Of course this is a gross over- simplification of the theory but for our purposes it is the minimal understanding necessary. When classical mechanics  meets this quantum mechanical theory the math falls apart, thus the revitalized need for unification. Gravity and its eloquent explanation simply do not work within a subatomic range. Everything however is made up of atoms and elementary particles so why would the math not be consistent?

In general the issue between quantum and classical mechanics does not bear much significance because classical deals with the very large and quantum deals with the very small. Rare is the situation in which very large and very small things converge (Greene, The Hidden Reality, 2011). As humanity's eyes once again turned upward and outward into space these worlds began to collide. Other postulations on the origins of the universe or the workings of black holes brought about scenarios where the subatomic meets the cosmic scales. With advances in technology for space travel and exploration the need for answers became ever more imperative. To contend with this dilemma physicists came up with a unique solution that not only brought us one step closer to unification but also open a gate into new possibilities. Super String theory helped resolve the breakdown of mathematics between quantum and classical mechanics. String theory for short, involves extremely sophisticated math but its concept is easy to grasp. To recall, Quantum Fields theory presupposed that any field is made up of elementary particles or tiny points that are indivisible. String theory built upon that saying that those points are actually tiny strings that vibrate; and the manner in which the strings vibrate, and their difference in frequency actually determines the type of energy or matter that we experience (Greene, The Hidden Reality, 2011). Objects with less mass vibrate less energetically and inversely objects with more mass vibrate more energetically. Along with the development of String theory new dimensions also emerged; ten to be specific. The theory also allows for the discovery and integration of new particles. The way that it also resolved issues with gravity on a subatomic level was to help quantify a quantum gravitational field. The distinct vibrational pattern of a string that was the heart of the graviton was now possible to mathematically explain.

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Whether or not physics takes on Wheeler's angle on the physical dimension remains to be seen; none the less his foresight is fascinating and how it pertains to a previously mentioned area where classic and quantum physics once sought resolution. Black holes have inspired stories of parallel universe from science fiction authors and fanatics and rightly so. They are physical phenomena that still partially escape explanation by scientists. To give a brief synopsis of what a black hole is thought to be, we can return to Einstein and his theory of general relativity, and the illustration using the sheet and softball. Instead of using a soft ball lets use a marble but also imagine this marble to be so incredibly dense and heavy that the sheet almost collapses in on itself trying to bear the weight. This is a black hole. A piece of matter so dense that it creates a radical torsion in the time-space continuum from which nothing can escape, and as the black hole pulls more and more matter into itself it grows and compacts the matter so tightly that perpetuates its need to feed.Now that physics had potentially found it's unifying theory we now encroach on a new way to consider physical laws and their influence on the natural world. John Wheeler, an American theoretical physicist who was also noted as having responsibility for reviving the interest in unification and mentored some of the world's most gifted young minds, suggested that the next approach to be considered dealt in the realms of information (Greene, The Hidden Reality, 2011). It is possible to consider matter as an elaborate information processor. He believed that information; where the particle is, whether it is spinning one way or another, whether its charge is negative or positive and so on; forms an irreducible kernel at the heart of reality. That having such information is instantiated in real particles, occupying real positions, having definite spins and charges, is something like actualizing an architect's blueprints for a skyscraper (Greene, Our Universe May Be A Giant Hologram, 2011). Another way to consider Wheeler's vision is to consider the universe and its progression through time. The physical realm takes information on how things exist now and produces more information on how things will be in the next now, and this process repeats itself eternally. Humans, or any other conscious being within the scope of their senses, detect these changes over time as changes in the physical environment. Information in a sense could be likened to a higher power that shapes the terrain of existence.

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Black holes seem to generate ultimate entropy. Entropy is an explanation of order that measures the randomness of the microscopic constituents of a thermodynamic system. To assist in visualizing entropy let's look at water and its different forms. A cloud has a high level of entropy because you could rearrange its constituents and it would not affect its overall appearance. Take an ice cube with low entropy and do the same thing, and the rearrangement would dramatically change its structure. The arrangement or the information on the infrastructure to each ice cube varies. This is comparable to the analogy of no two snowflakes being the same. According to the second law of thermo dynamics anything that has entropy also has a temperature, and anything that has temperature should radiate. That being said if nothing escapes a black hole's grasp then how could something procure ultimate entropy and radiate? This was one issue facing scientists in their efforts to understand this cosmic anomaly, until recently when our generation's voice on physics discovered a new type of radiation.

Stephen Hawking along with Jacob Bekenstein discovered Hawking Radiation, which is a stream of positrons that fight desperately to escape the massive gravitational pull of a black hole. Positrons are the positively charged counterpart of an electron and it is also considered an antiparticle. Normally when these pairs erupt out of time-space they quickly find and neutralize each other out of existence, except in the case where they form next to the horizon of a black hole. Although we can distantly observe this effect as radiation the electrons also have an impact on the black hole in the shape of a reduction in size. When a black hole consumes something with positive energy its mass increases and thus its horizon expands. When it consumes something with a negative charge then its mass decreases, as does the reach of the black hole. As if this wasn't amazing enough the zenith of Hawking's discovery came when he outlined the method for calculating a black hole's entropy; and that was by the surface area of its event horizon (Adam, 2004).

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Generally when you think of storage, you think of volume. Even when it comes down to information storage we never cease to be amazed by how small a flash drive or mp3 player has become. In any case it is natural to relate the idea of size or volume to that of information storage capacity. So when it comes to black holes, if we equate entropy to a form of information about an object's individual properties you can see why surface area as a means of storage is so perplexing. To elaborate, let's consider what information actually is. Information answers questions and the simplest questions usually come in the form of those which can be answered with yes's or no's. This simple form of datum is called a bit, short for binary digit. The possible number of arrangements for each constituent is either a yes or a no, or in binary terms a 0 or a 1. To give a more definitive explanation of entropy as information consider a system's entropy the number of yes/no questions that its microscopic details have the capacity to answer, and so entropy is a measure of the systems hidden information content (Greene, The Hidden Reality, 2011). Stephen Hawking mapped out the methods for measuring a black hole's information storage capacity through surface area and provided an algorithm for calculating it. The method is pretty straightforward; simply take the event horizon and divide into a grid like pattern, each section being a Planck (10-33 cm) length long. The total number of sections needed to cover the hole's horizon is equal to its entropy (Adam, 2004). The next question raised is whether or not this means that the information is actually stored on the surface area itself or if this is simply just a numerical accounting? In order to understand this we must consider some other theoretical workings by a man named Juan Maldacena.

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Juan Maldacena is a theoretical physicist from Buenos Aires and an associate professor at Harvard University and is most renowned for his work uncovering the holographic principal (Juan Martin Maldacena, 2011). One way to look at the universe and other possible ones is to look at them as slices of bread that exist in line with each other. This is known as Brane theory.  Each slice is the region of space in which a continuously expanding universe is contained and it has its own time-space properties governing how matter moves through its boundaries. Maldacena discovered the correlation between what is bulk physics (string theory) and boundary physics (quantum field theory) (Juan Martin Maldacena, 2011).  As their name suggests, bulk physics encompasses the execution of natural laws within a region of space, and boundary physics does the same only for occurrences on the boundaries of that region. To illustrate how this might appear imagine a region of space encapsulated by a boundary of permeable time-space fabric; much like a bubble. Now remember that quantum field theory states that all fields are made up of elementary particles and string theory states that these particles are actually strings. Now these particles moving within the bubble appear to be strings because they have a three dimensional matrix to exist and travel through, but on the two dimensional surface they appear to be just points or simple particles. Now to tie in how this relates to entropy measured on the surface of a black holes event horizon, consider the Planck length units that account for entropy to be comparable to elementary particles on a two dimensional surface (Greene, The Hidden Reality, 2011). As Maldacena's research has shown, the amount of information stored within a region of space is always less than the surface area surrounding the region. If it exceeds that then we come upon a black hole. Information can be fully encoded onto a surface surrounding a region, and the surface is where the actual physical processes take place and the reflection or those processes are then projected into a three dimensional matrix. In essence our three dimensional reality is a holographic representation of two dimensional physical processes. Much like how a holographic image works in an arcade game there is a flat image usually scribed in layers of plastic which may look much different than the end result image once lights has been shown through it.

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Plato suggested in his theory of forms that humans experience the world of appearances while there was a separate world of forms, or a world of fundamental reality. While Plato was metaphorically speaking of the difference between illusion and truth it, could be argued that he wasn't too far off point. Even though most of what we have come to deduce with theoretical physics is strictly theoretical, it is amazing to think that much of what occurs in our universe actually is governed by processes on the boundary light years away. From Einstein's quest for unification to String theory, the journey for understanding our universe has been a long one and is still underway. General relativity gave us our first palpable understanding of cosmic structure while Glashow later refined our world in a sub atomic light with quantum fields. String Theory unified the math between the two schools of physics and helps us understand how the universe is constructed. The cosmic anomaly of black holes, because of their unique properties give physicists clues as to how macro scale occurrences reverberate within the quantum level of existence and how this equates to the holographic principle. Considering the evolution of physics and the metaphysical ramifications, it is becoming more difficult to deny our interconnectedness with the rest of the world. It also begs the question of what connotates a universe. Would it be possible to create one using the same holographic principles in a laboratory? Many scientists think it is possible, especially with the optimization of information processing and storage capabilities of today. We could in theory create virtual simulations capable of replicating a big bang much like the one that created our universe. Of course it would be a simulation, but if you think about it what conceivably would be the difference between that and our holographic universe?

Career Astrology Reading Report

With the rapid advancement of technology, particularly in the fields of Electronics, IT and Tele-communications, a wide-ranging array of career options are becoming available to the present-day job-seekers, either in the government or in the private sectors. To determine the exact nature of the employment of a native, one has to properly interpret the combination of planets, applying the basic principles of Astrology. Holding a government job is still thought to be prestigious. How are your prospects? Planetary indications for government jobs:

Government job with moderate status and salary.

a. Sun in Kendra

b. Moon in either Kendra or Trikona

c. The lord of the 10th house posited either in Kendra or in the 11th

d. Jupiter occupying the lagna or the 4th house

e. The lord of the 8th house posited in 1st, 5th or 9th (Trikonas) house.

f. Any of the Trikona lords occupying the 8th house or either aspected or conjoined by the lord of the 8th house.
If Sun or Mars is posited in the 10th house, the lord of the 10th house is a benefic, being aspected by another benefic planet and also the lord of the 9th house is debilitated, then the native becomes a Gazetted Officer.
When the lord of the 6th house, Mars, Saturn and Rahu are well-placed and relate favourably to the 10th house, the native gets employed in either Police Department or Defence services.
The positions of the lords of the 6th and the 10th houses in the Navamsa chart are also indicative.

Person holding a government job
Balance of Venus Dasa at birth ­ 6 years, 4 months, 15 days.

Navamsa Positions: Lagna and Saturn in Pisces; Ketu in Cancer (5th); Jupiter and Moon in Libra (7th); Rahu, Sun and Mars in Capricorn (11th); Mercury and Venus in Aquarius (12th). The native joined the police Department as a typist and retired as Office Superintendent in the District Police Office.
Jupiter is located in the lagna

6th lord Mars is in the 10th house and is also exalted in the Navamsa chart. His navamsa position is 8th to the lagna of the Rasi chart and 11th to the lagna of Navamsa chart.

Moon is situated in the 7th house (Kendra).

8th lord Saturn occupies the 12th house in the Rasi chart and Pisces sign in the Navamsa Chart, which is 10th from the lagna of the Rasi chart.
In the Navamsa chart, the lord of the lagna and the 10th house, Jupiter, is in the 8th house (Libra) in conjunction with the 5th lord Moon. The 8th lord Venus is in Trine to the lagna lord Jupiter.

The 8th lord Saturn, posited in the 12th house, is in the 7th to the 5th lord Venus who, in turn is occupying the 6th house. This causes Vipreet Raja Yoga and also indicates governmental job.
Sun, which represents the government, is in debilitation, conjoined with the combust lagna lord Mercury.

Person holding a job in a private sector
Balance of Sun Dasa at birth:- 3 years, 11 months, 4 days. Bhava Chart: Ascendant and Mars in Aries; Mercury in Gemini (3rd), Sun and Venus in Cancer (4th); Rahu in Leo (5th); Jupiter in Scorpio (8th); Moon and Saturn in Sagittarius (9th); Ketu in Aquarius (11th). The native had graduated from IIT (Mumbai) and joined Neyveli Lignite Corporation, a Central Government Organisation. The 10th house is an Earthy sign (Capricorn) and its lord is Saturn. Watery planet Moon is occupying the 10th house, indicating career involving Mining / Power. However, the native resigned his job at Neyveli and took up employment with a MNC in the U.S., constantly travelling to 32 different countries and drawing huge salary. Several favourable yogas are also present in the chart, such as Sankha yoga, Anapha Yoga and Dharma-karmadhipathi yoga. Sankha yoga ­ lords of the 5th and the 6th posited in kendras and the lagna lord being powerful. Anapha yoga ­ presence of planets in the 12th from the Moon. Dharma­Karmadhipathi yoga ­ Conjunction, mutual aspect or mutual exchange of houses between the lords of the 9th and 10th houses.
The lord of the lagna and the 8th house, Mars, is posited in the 2nd house, aspecting both Jupiter and Saturn, who are incidentally the lords of the 9th and the 10th houses.


The 4th lord Moon is posited in the 10th house, while the 5th lord Sun occupies the 4th house in conjunction with Mercury, the lord of the 3rd and the 6th houses.
In the Bhava chart, the 9th lord Jupiter occupies the 8th house and is aspected by its lord Mars occupying the lagna.
The 4th lord Moon is in conjunction with the 10th lord Saturn in the Bhava chart. If the lords of the 4th and the 10th house have any relationship, then the native enjoys great power, fame, honour titles and monetary gains. Hence he did not continue as an Engineer at NLC, but went on to a high-flying career in a Private Concern.

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Person holding no job
Balance of Jupiter Dasa at Birth 7 years, 11 months, 6 days. Although the native was employed during his youth, he had remained jobless for the most part of his life. Vedic Sutra: ‘If the 10th lord is weak, debilitated, combust or posited in enemy’s house or located in the 6th 8th or 12th house, the native will not find a job (karma Viheena yoga)’. In the above chart, the 10th lord Jupiter is in his sign of debilitation and the lagna lord is in a badhaka-sthana. (7th for Gemini lagna, a movable sign). If benefic planets with Kendrathipathi dosha are posited in own house which happens to be a kendra, they will offer good results; otherwise evil results will befall).


Rahu occupies the 10th house. The 6th lord Mars is conjoined with the 8th lord Saturn. Further, Mars is also aspecting the 10th house.


The conjunction of the 6th and the 9th lords gives rise to Nirdhana Yoga. However the conjunction of the 8th and the 11th lords can adversely affect money matters, although it ensures longevity.


The 10th lord Jupiter is in conjunction with Venus, the lord of the 5th and 12th houses and Saturn is posited in their 8th house.
If the trikona lord is related to the 8th house, then the native would hold a government job ­ this was the principle stated earlier. When the 5th lord Venus is posited in the 8th house, why did not this native get employed with government? The reader may obviously wonder at this contradiction.



The irony of this combination is the trikona lord Venus is situated in the 8th house along with the lord of the 7th and the 10th houses Jupiter, who is debilitated. This combination occurs in the 2nd to the 7th house, giving rise to both lagnadhi and chandradhi yogas (Lagnadhi yoga ­ natural benefics posited in the 6th, 7th and the 8th from the lagna and Moon). Jupiter happens to be the lord of the 7th and the 10th houses and since Venus is Kalatra Karaka, the native’s wife is a government employee drawing a high salary.
The 10th lord Jupiter is debilitated and is in 2/12 position from the lagna lord Mercury, who is situated in the 7th house, a badhaka-sthana. Thus the native is jobless, while his wife is a government employee.

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